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Black Hawk, born ''Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak'', (1767 – October 3, 1838) was a war leader and warrior of the Sauk American Indian tribe in what is now the Midwest of the United States. Although he had inherited an important historic medicine bundle from his father, he was not a hereditary civil chief. Black Hawk earned his status as a war chief or captain by his actions: leading raiding and war parties as a young man, and a band of Sauk warriors during the Black Hawk War of 1832. During the War of 1812, Black Hawk had fought on the side of the British against the U.S., hoping to push white American settlers away from Sauk territory. Later he led a band of Sauk and Fox warriors, known as the British Band, against European-American settlers in Illinois and present-day Wisconsin in the 1832 Black Hawk War. After the war, he was captured by U.S. forces and taken to the eastern U.S. He and other war leaders were taken on tour of several cities. Shortly before being released from custody, Black Hawk told his story to an interpreter; aided also by a newspaper reporter, he published ''Autobiography of Ma-Ka-Tai-Me-She-Kia-Kiak, or Black Hawk, Embracing the Traditions of his Nation...'' in 1833 in Cincinnati, Ohio. The first Native American autobiography to be published in the U.S., his book became an immediate bestseller and has gone through several editions. Black Hawk died in 1838 (at age 70 or 71) in what is now southeastern Iowa. He has been honored by an enduring legacy: his book, many eponyms, and other tributes. ==Early life== Black Hawk, or Black Sparrow Hawk (Sauk Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak (), "be a large black hawk")〔Bright, William (2004). ''Native American Place Names of the United States'', Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, pg. 66.〕 was born in 1767 in the village of ''Saukenuk'' on the Rock River (present-day Rock Island, Illinois).〔 Black Hawk's father ''Pyesa'' was the tribal medicine man of the Sauk people. The Sauk used the village in the summer for raising corn and as a burial site. During the winter, they moved across the Mississippi to present-day Iowa for winter hunts and fur trapping. Little is known about Black Hawk's youth. He was said to be a descendant of ''Nanamakee'' (Thunder), a Sauk chief who, according to tradition, met an early French explorer, possibly Samuel de Champlain.〔Roger L. Nichols, ''Black Hawk and the Warrior's Path'' (Arlington Heights, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, 1992; ISBN 0-88295-884-4), 4, 12.〕 At age 15, Black Hawk accompanied his father Pyesa on a raid against the Osage. He won approval by killing and scalping his first enemy.〔Nichols, 14.〕 The young Black Hawk tried to establish himself as a war captain by leading other raids. He had limited success until, at age 19, he led 200 men in a battle against the Osage, in which he personally killed five men and one woman.〔Nichols, 16.〕 Soon after, he joined his father in a raid against Cherokee along the Meramec River in Missouri. After Pyesa died from wounds received in the battle, Black Hawk inherited the Sauk medicine bundle which his father had carried, giving him an important role in the tribe.〔Nichols, 16–17.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Black Hawk (Sauk leader)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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